Saint Simon the Tanner
Simon the Tanner (10th century), also known as Saint Simon the Shoemaker
( Sam'an al-Kharraz), is the Coptic Orthodox saint associated with the story of the
moving the Mokattam Mountain in Cairo, Egypt, during the rule of the Muslim Fatimid
Caliph al-Muizz Lideenillah (953-975) while Abraham the Syrian was the Pope of the
Coptic Orthodox Church of Alexandria.
Saint Simon the Shoemaker lived towards the end of the tenth century AD. He was a
contemporary of the Saint Bishop Abram Ibn Zaraa the Syrian, who occupied the
seat of St. Mark in 975 AD and rested in peace in 979 AD,
A severe and ovenwhelming famine came upon all of Egypt under the reign of the
Ikhshidid Empire, namely between AD 934 to AD 968, shortly before the Fatimid
Empire was established, under which the miracle of moving the mountain took place.
The miracle took place circa AD 979, so Saint Samaan must have lived through this
famine, which sent more than half a million people to their early graves.
When the Saint was practicing his work as a shoemaker, a woman came to him to
mend her shoes, and this woman was beautiful. It so happened that when she was
taking off her shoes, her legs showed and he looked lustfully at her. But at once he
drove the awl into one of his eyes, thus plucking it outing keeping with the
commandment of the Lord "But I tell you that anyone who looks at a woman lustfully
has committed adultery with her in his heart. If your right eye causes you to sin,
gouge it and throw it away. It is better for you to lose one part of your body than for
your whole body to be thrown into hell." (Mt. 5:28, 29). St. Samaan simply carried out
the commandment literally!! And history tells us of a great miracle that happened
with his prayers, which is the miracle of moving the Mokattam Mountain in Cairo.
Al-Mu'iz Li Din lllah the Fatimid, was a polished politician, besides being a letterman
and a lover of the gatherings in which poetry was recited. Caliph al-Muizz, who
reigned during 972-975 AD, used to invite different religious leaders to debate in his
presence. In one of those meetings in which the patriarch Abraham, also known as
Pope Abraam and a Jew named Yaqub ibn Killis (and in another account of this
story, was known as Moses) were present, Abraham got the upper hand in the
debate. Plotting to take revenge, Ibn Killis quoted the verse where Jesus Christ, said
in Gospel of Matthew:" He replied, "Truly I tell you, if you have faith as small as a
mustard seed, you can say to this mountain, 'Move from here to there,' and it will
move. Nothing will be impossible for you," (Matthew 17:20), and demanded that the
Pope prove that his religion is right by means of this. After hearing ibn Killis say this,
the caliph asked Abraham "What sayest thou concerning this word? Is it your gospel
or not?" The patriarch answered "Yes, it is in it." After hearing Abraham answer, the
caliph demanded that this very miracle be performed by Abraham's hand, or else he
and all the Copts would be killed by the hand of the sword. It was then after hearing
this that the patriarch asked for three days to complete the miracle. Abraham
compiled a group of monks, priests and elders. He told them to all stay in the church
for three days for a penance. On the morning of the third day, Abraham was praying
in the Hanging Church, when he saw Mary, mother of Jesus. The Holy Virgin told
him to go to the great market. She said to him, "There thou wilt find a one-eyed man
carrying on his shoulder a jar full of water; seize him, for he it is at whose hands this
miracle shall be manifested." Abraham listened to Mary and went to the market
where he met the man the Holy Virgin spoke of. The man who the Virgin spoke of
was Simon the tanner, who had plucked out his eye because of a passage from the
Bible: "If your right eye causes you to stumble, gouge it out and throw it away. It is
better for you to lose one part of your body than for your whole body to be thrown
into hell. 30 And if your right hand causes you to stumble, cut it off and throw it away.
It is better for you to lose one part of your body than for your whole body to go into
hell." (Matthew 5:29-30) Simon told Abraham to go out with his priests and all his
people to the mountain with the Caliph and all his soldiers. Simon then told Abraham
to cry out "O Lord, have mercy" three times, and each time to make the sign of the
cross over the mountain. The patriarch followed the words of Simon and the
mountain was lifted. After the miracle was performed in the presence of the Caliph,
the Pope turned left and right looking for Simon, but he had disappeared and no one
could find him. The Caliph turned to Abraham and said "O Patriarch, I have
recognized the correctness of your faith."
In commemoration of this miracle, the Coptic Orthodox Church observes three extra
days of fasting before the beginning of the Nativity Fast.
During the years of 1989-1991, the Coptic clergymen and archaeologists searched
for the relics of the 10th century tanner and saint, Simon. Simon was apparently
buried in the cemetery of al-Habash in Old Cairo; however while searching for
Simon's relics his skeleton was discovered in the Coptic Orthodox Church of the
Holy Virgin, Babylon El-Darag) during its restoration.'2' Simon's skeleton was
discovered on August 4, 1991 about one meter below the surface of the church.
What was of particular interest when finding his skeleton was that the hair on his
head was still intact and had not disintegrated? The hair that was intact was only on
the back of his skull and it was deduced that the man had a bald head in the front
and thick hair on the back of his head. In the church where Simon's skeleton was
found there was also a painting that depicted the Coptic Pope Abraham and a bald-
headed tanner carrying two water jars. The bald-headed tanner is most likely Simon
because he was known for carrying water jars to the poor. The painting further
depicted some of the characteristics of the discovered skeleton. In a church nearby a
pot was also discovered and was dated to be more than one thousand years old and
it is believed that this clay pot was the vessel that Simon used to carry water to the
poor. The jar is now kept in the new Church of Saint Simon on Muquattam, Cairo.